# Before You Begin This chapter introduces the background, concepts and architecture of IDN, CWIC/CMR, and FedEO, within the scope of the WGISS Connected Data Assets (CDA). The related skills you will need as a client partner are also discussed. ## Background For scientists who conduct multi-disciplinary research, there may be a need to search multiple catalogs in order to find the data they need. Such work can be very time-consuming and tedious, especially when different catalogs may use different metadata models and catalog interface protocols. It would be desirable, therefore, for those catalogs to be integrated into a catalog federation which will present a well-known and documented metadata model and interface protocol to users and hide the complexity and diversity of the affiliated catalogs behind the interface. With such a federation, users only need to work with the federated catalog through the public interface or API to find the data they need instead of working with various catalogs individually. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) addresses coordination of the satellite Earth Observation (EO) programs of the world's government agencies, along with agencies that receive and process data acquired remotely from space. The Working Group on Information Systems and Services (WGISS) is a subgroup of CEOS, which aims to promote collaboration in the development of systems and services that manage and supply EO data to users world-wide. NASA's contributions to the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) International Directory Network (IDN) provides access to more than 50,000 Earth science data set and service descriptions (stored in the Common Metadata Repository [CMR]) which cover subject areas within Earth and environmental sciences. The IDN’s mission is to assist researchers, policy makers, and the public in the discovery of and access to data and related services relevant to Earth science research. To aid in the search and discovery effort, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) controlled keywords have been developed and are regularly being refined and expanded. These keywords are also used in other applications within the broader scientific community. Users may perform searches through the IDN website and the CDA STAC or OpenSearch API using the controlled keywords, free-text searches, map/date searches, or any combination of the above; and may also search or refine a search by data center, instrument, platform, project, or temporal/spatial resolution. ### IDN The IDN also supports draft Metadata Management Tool (dMMT), a web-based metadata authoring tool that allows metadata authors to add (or modify) data set descriptions that comply with the CMR Unified Metadata Model for Collections (UMM-C). The tool also allows metadata authors to validate and submit their metadata records directly for discovery in the IDN. The CEOS WGISS Integrated Catalog (CWIC) is a collection of WGISS data partners which supports data discovery from multiple EO data centers through the NASA CMR system. CWIC was initiated and initially supported by NASA, NOAA, and USGS as a contribution to CEOS. CWIC functionality was migrated to NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR) in April 2021. To achieve this, CWIC data partners adopted and implemented the recommended WGISS interoperable standards and NASA evolved the architecture by allowing data partners to manage their underlying connections to CWIC with the support of the WGISS System Level Team. CMR provides inventory search to WGISS agency catalog systems for EO data by distributing search requests to the appropriate server and sending search responses back to the requesting client. ### FedEO FedEO (Federated Earth Observation Gateway) provides a unique entry point to a growing number of scientific catalogues and services for, but not limited to, EO European and Canadian missions. FedEO is a conttribution from ESA (European Space Agency) to CEOS as a gateway to provide brokered discovery and access capabilities to European/Canadian EO missions data based on interoperable interfaces. ### WGISS CDA WGISS is coordinating efforts to connect the CWIC and FedEO systems with the IDN through a common registration of metadata records to seamlessly provide search results for relevant data sets regardless of which system is used to access the granule level data. ![Connected Data Assets](https://ceos.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Connected_Data_Assets_figure.png "Connected Data Assets") ## Search Concept and Design A two-step collection/granule search process, which separates discovery of collections from searching within relevant collections to retrieve specific data granules, has been adopted to realize the integrated access to heterogeneous, autonomous data sources. The WGISS Connected Data Assets system is an implementation of this two-step process. ### Collection Search The IDN and FedEO provide a Web-based graphical user interface to the collection search. In addition, IDN and FedEO provide a STAC API and OpenSearch API to the collection search. The response from the collection search includes links to the search interfaces at one of several Granule Gateways, providing search capability for granules at the relevant data providers. Current WGISS Connected Data Assets Granule Gateways include the CWIC data partners under CMR and FedEO. Each of these systems provides access to different data archive systems using the same STAC and OpenSearch protocols. ### Granule Search The "STAC Client Guide" sections of this document give complete details about the STAC API for specifying search criteria. It is important to understand how the STAC Queryables object advertizes search parameters both for collections and, separately, for granules. The "OpenSearch Client Guide" sections of this document give complete details about the OpenSearch API for specifying search criteria. It is important to understand how the OSDD advertizes search parameters both for collections and, separately, for granules. The step 2 search, i.e. granule search, supports constraints with spatial, temporal, and pagination. Spatial constraint is specified with a bounding box. Temporal filter can be specified with begin and end time in standard ISO 8601 timestamp format. See the "STAC Client Guide" and "OpenSearch Client Guide" sections for specific query parameters. ### Data Partners Current data partners providing granule search access through WGISS Connected Data Assets include systems from the various agencies shown in Figure 1. WGISS maintains a current list of the data providers that comprise the WGISS Connected Data Assets on the WGISS website https://ceos.org/ourwork/workinggroups/wgiss/access/connected-data-assets/. ## WGISS Architecture for Connected Data Assets At its core, the systems present to End Users and Clients a single endpoint compliant with the CEOS STAC Collection and Granule Discovery Best Practices [RD01] and CEOS OpenSearch Best Practice. In this way, outside clients need to have no specific knowledge of the particular partner data systems and communicate only via the STAC or OpenSearch interfaces. ## Skills Needed as a Client Partner As a STAC Client Partner, you need to be familiar with basic web application technology such as: * JSON, GeoJSON and [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/) * STAC-related technologies * [RESTFul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer) related architecture and technologies * Web development programming language As an OpenSearch Client Partner, you need to be familiar with basic web application technology such as: * XML and [XML Schema](https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/) (XSD) * OpenSearch-related technologies * [RESTFul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer) related architecture and technologies * Web development programming language ## Contact Information All the documents and information about WGISS Connected Data Assets are available at WGISS at https://ceos.org/ourwork/workinggroups/wgiss/access/